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El Paso Diary: Day 24 in the Trial of Posada Carriles A Clueless or Cunning Witness? by José Pertierra When Cuban forensic pathologist, Yleana Vizcaíno Dimé, finished testifying near the end of the day, the prosecution introduced what it called a "witness out of order." Since his testimony has to do with Posada Carriles' voyage on the Santrina and not the bombs in Havana, this witness should have testified during the beginning of the trial. He may have been unavailable—or perhaps reluctant—at that time. Generoso Bringas The witness' name is Generoso Bringas. His friends call him "Gene." He'd spent the day outside the courtroom, patiently awaiting his turn, but Bringas did not come willingly to testify. The government subpoenaed and extended him immunity from prosecution. In other words, to get him to agree to testify, the Department of Justice had to get a judicial summons and promise that he would not be prosecuted. Bringas is in his 80s. What little hair he has left is now completely gray. He wears thick-framed glasses whose large lenses rest squarely on a nose similar to Jimmy Durante's famous "old schnozzola." The Generoso Show The first thing that Bringas did when he got on the stand was to loudly announce that he is hard of hearing. "I'm half deaf," he bellowed. The prosecutor responded by raising his own voice to try and match Bringas', not realizing that the only person in the courtroom whose voice was needed at higher decibels was that of the interpreter. Bringas, you see, speaks no English, so it doesn't matter whether he can hear the prosecutor. He wouldn't understand him anyway. Judge Cardone pointed this out to government attorney Jerome Teresinski and everyone chuckled. Perhaps it was still not obvious to all, but the curtain had just risen on the Generoso Bringas Show. "You are here under official summons?" asked Teresinski. "HUH?" shouted Bringas. Teresinski asked the question a different way, "You didn't want to be here today. Isn't that right?" It wasn't clear whether Bringas understood Teresinski's question. "My wife is sick," he responded. Teresinski then showed Bringas an exhibit that Judge Cardone had accepted as evidence last month. The jurors could also see it on their television monitors. "Is this your passport?" asked the prosecutor. "It was my passport in 2005," answered Bringas, making the point that it is now in the hands of the United States Government. Once again, laughter shook the courtroom. A passport's trip on the Santrina At Teresinski's urging, Bringas—as well as the jurors—turned to page seven of the passport, which bore an unmistakable entry stamp for the Bahamas on March 11, 2005. "I didn't go to the Bahamas on that date," said Bringas. Perhaps the jury remembers that a month ago Gilberto Abascal testified that Generoso Bringas helped the crew load the Santrina for its famous voyage to Isla Mujeres to pick up Luis Posada Carriles in March of 2005. Abascal testified then that Bringas did not go on the voyage himself. "Bringas no, but his passport, yes," he declared under oath. "I saw Bringas' passport in the Bahamas," said Abascal last month. "I heard Santiago Alvarez tell Ruben López Castro to show it to Immigration and Customs there." He added, "When we arrived in the Bahamas, I saw that Santiago took out Bringas' passport." Abascal went on to explain to the jurors how, at the urging of Santiago Álvarez, he bribed a Bahamian customs official to entice him to place an entry stamp on the passport. "Santiago told me to take a television set and give it to the customs official," Abascal testified in court on January 24, 2011. Abascal also swore that Bringas was not in Isla Mujeres in March of 2005, and he said that when the Santrina left Mexico, Bringas was not on board. Posada Carriles was, Abascal testified. According to the exit stamp on page 11 of Generoso Bringas' passport, its holder left Isla Mujeres by boat on March 15, 2005. Teresinski showed page 11 to Bringas and to the jury. "Not by boat or plane. I haven't been to Mexico for many years," Bringas shouted into the court microphone, chuckling as he did. Everyone began to laugh. After the earlier testimony about bombs, shrapnel and murder, the sight of this apparently good-natured, nearly deaf, elderly and eccentric fellow on the stand was—to many of the jurors—a welcome relief. "Do you know how this stamp came to be in your passport?" asked Teresinski. "No idea and no explanation," answered "Gene" Bringas. "No further questions," government counsel said to the judge. Generoso, que gracioso toca usted It was then the defense attorney's turn to interrogate Bringas. Arturo Hernández—his face red from laughing, stood up and approached the witness with a grin. It was clear that he found the witness hilarious. This, despite Bringas' sworn declarations that were ultimately quite damaging to the defense, since they corroborate the government's allegation that Posada Carriles used Bringas' passport to leave Isla Mujeres on the Santrina in March of 2005. What did Posada Carriles' attorney have up his sleeve that made him so cavalier before this witness' testimony? After bidding Bringas a good afternoon, Hernández asked him, "Your name is Generoso Bringas?" Another amusing answer from Bringas, "Ever since I was born", he said. The jurors, the lawyers, the judge, the marshals, the guards and the reporters in the courtroom all laughed. "You left your passport on the Santrina?" asked the defense attorney. "Sometimes I left even my chancletas (slippers)," answered Bringas who by then had his audience in stitches. After a few more innocuous questions, the cagey defense attorney shot the arrow he'd prepared all along. But it wasn't directed at the witness. He wasn't interested in the least in impeaching Bringas' credibility, as he had tried to do to all the other witnesses. No. His arrow was directed at Gilberto Abascal, the FBI confidential source who had testified earlier in the trial and sworn under oath that the Santrina had picked up Posada Carriles in Isla Mujeres and smuggled him into Miami in March of 2005. "Do you know about Gilberto Abascal's reputation in the community for telling the truth?" Teresinski rose from his chair and objected to the question. Judge Cardone ruled that although it is inappropriate to ask the witness about his personal opinion of Abascal, asking him about Abascal's reputation within the community is permissible under the rules of evidence. "If he knows," said the judge. Bringas knew what he had to do with defense counsel's question, "It's difficult to say for sure, because Abascal has mental problems. He's half crazy. The poor guy has personal problems," said Bringas. Teresinski objected once again. "This, Your Honor, is his personal opinion," said the prosecutor. "His statement is inadmissible." Posada Carriles' defense attorney regrouped and tried to establish a proper foundation for Bringas' knowledge of Abascal's reputation in the community. "Do you know about Abascal's reputation in the community?" he asked. "No," said Bringas. Hernández had asked one question too many. Bringas' last answer led Judge Cardone to sustain the objection. Bringas' opinion about Abascal's mental state was disallowed. However, the jury had already heard the congenial and apparently clueless old man state that one of the prosecution's star witnesses, the only one to state that he had seen Posada Carriles on the Santrina, was crazy. Although Bringas is no psychiatrist and his opinion about Abascal's mental state ought to carry no weight with the jury, nonetheless Posada Carriles' cagey defense attorney had scored a significant point. The prosecutor was furious. He asked if Bringas had spoken previously with Attorney Hernández or with Santiago Álvarez, the owner of the Santrina and Posada Carriles' financial benefactor. "No," answered the witness. Generoso Bringas left the stand to the laughter and smiles of those in the courtroom. Out of fear of being slapped with sanctions, no one applauded, but I'm sure many wanted to. Judge Cardone beamed as she bid the smiling jurors goodbye. Posada Carriles quickly stood and strode over to his defense attorney. They looked at each other and burst into laughter. "I couldn't keep myself from laughing," said a jovial Posada Carriles—as if instead of hearing Generoso Bringas testify, he had been listening to orchestra leader Generoso Jiménez play his famous "naughty trombone." Who is Generoso Bringas? Who is this comical witness for the prosecution who was so generous with the defense? Is he really so clueless? Posada Carriles mentions him in his book, Los Caminos de Guerrero [The Pathways of a Warrior]. Posada calls him a survivor of the 1960s battles against the Cuban Revolution in the Escambray Mountains. Generoso Bringas is now the Secretary General of the Movement for Revolutionary Recovery (MRR)—an organization he founded along with Manuel Artime, a leader of the 2506 Brigade whose members invaded Cuba on behalf of the CIA on April 17, 1961 at the Bay of Pigs. Bringas appears to have some strong opinions about the federal prosecution of those who were aboard the Santrina in March of 2005—that is, Santiago Álvarez, Osvaldo Mitat, Rubén López Castro and, of course, Luis Posada Carriles. For example, in an interview he gave in 2007, Bringas said: "It's regrettable, it's sad, that in a country of freedoms such as this one, in a democratic country such as this one, that such a witch-hunt has been unleashed in recent years against men who fight for freedom." Bringas' militancy goes way back. In 1965, the CIA dispatched him to the Congo with a small group of Cuban exiles in order to fight against Che Guevara and the guerrillas there. Bringas told the author of the book Cold War in the Congo that the United States paid him $800 a month for his services. According to the Cuban government, in May of 1998, the MRR headed by Bringas sent men to infiltrate Cuba by boat. They landed in Pinar del Rio Province. The terrorist operation failed, and authorities arrested Ernestino Abreu Horta and Vicente Marcelino Martínez Rodríguez. Cuba also confiscated four rifles, two shotguns, a Makarov pistol and two .22-caliber Magnums. The men stated that the military operation was conceived in Miami by MRR and that Generoso Bringas had helped with the planning and logistics. Miami's El Nuevo Herald reported that MRR sources confirmed the arrest in Cuba of the organization's militants. According to the Herald source, "we were patient. We collected money, did target practice and combat exercises in the Everglades and rebuilt the movement." Generoso Bringas, who the Herald identified as the "former military head of the MRR," of course, denied participating in the terrorist plot, despite confessions from the militants that Bringas had helped in the military operation. Just two weeks before the start of the trial against Posada Carriles in El Paso, Bringas did not appear as clueless as he did in court today. He presided over an MRR event in Miami to honor one of its founders, Manuel Artime. Before microphones and cameras, Bringas declared: "We have the obligation to continue the struggle, ever forward, giving our maximum effort." Some questions So who then is the true Generoso Bringas? The clueless, hard of hearing little old guy who testified on Thursday in El Paso, or the former military leader and now Secretary General of an organization whose purpose is to dispatch armed commandos to Cuba? Was his character assassination of Gilberto Abascal on purpose? Did he conspire to lend his passport to the owner of the Santrina so that Posada Carriles could use it to get out of Isla Mujeres, or did he truly have no clue as to its whereabouts? How is it possible that a witness called by the prosecution to strengthen the case against Posada Carriles could have been so generous with the defense? It's a pity that the jurors won't be able to pose these questions. They only know one side of the story, while you now know both. José Pertierra practices law in Washington, DC. He represents the government of Venezuela in the case to extradite Luis Posada Carriles. Translated by Manuel Talens and Machetera. They are members of Tlaxcala, the international network of translators for linguistic diversity (http://www.tlaxcala-int.org).
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Diario de El Paso: ¿Un testigo despistado o preparado? por José Pertierra Febrero 24, 2011. El Paso, TX.- Al terminar el jueves con el testimonio de la médico forense cubana, Yleana Vizcaíno Dimé, la fiscalía presentó en horas de la tarde un “testigo fuera de turno”, cuyo testimonio tiene que ver con el viaje de Luis Posada Carriles en el Santrina. GENEROSO BRINGAS El testigo se llama Generoso Bringas. Nos enteramos por el abogado defensor de Posada Carriles que sus amigos le dicen “Gene”. Bringas se había pasado el día pacientemente esperando afuera de la sala judicial para que lo citaran. No vino a testificar voluntariamente. La fiscalía lo obligó a través de un citatorio oficial, y le dio un amparo judicial. Es decir, sus declaraciones en corte no serán utilizadas contra él por la fiscalía. El testigo es un señor octogenario. El poco cabello que le queda está canoso. Unos espejuelos con lentes amplios descansan sobre una nariz demasiado grande para el tamaño de su cara. SUBE EL TELÓN DEL SHOW DE GENEROSO Lo primero que hizo cuando subió al estrado fue anunciar un una altísima voz que tiene problemas auditivos. Estoy medio sordo, dijo. El fiscal inmediatamente elevó el tono de su voz hasta los gritos, sin darse cuenta de que quien tenía que hablar en voz alta era el intérprete y no el fiscal -Bringas no habla inglés. Mejor dicho, no importaba si Bringas escuchaba o no al fiscal, porque de todas maneras no lo entendía. Quizás aún no era evidente, pero había subido el telón del show de Generoso Bringas. ”¿Usted está aquí bajo citatorio oficial?”, le preguntó Teresinski. ”¿Uh?”, respondió el testigo. Teresinski hizo la pregunta de diferente manera: “¿Usted no quería estar aquí hoy?” No estábamos seguros de que el testigo haya entendido. ”Mi esposa está enferma”, respondió. Entonces Teresinski proyectó -y apareció también en las pantallas individuales de los integrantes del jurado- un pasaporte que ya había sido aceptado como evidencia el mes pasado. ”¿Es este su pasaporte?”, preguntó el fiscal. ”Fue mi pasaporte en el 2005″, respondió Bringas enfatizando el hecho de que ya no es su pasaporte, porque está ahora guardado en El Paso entre cientos de otros documentos de evidencia en este caso. Otra vez, se agitó con la risa la sala judicial. BRINGAS NO VIAJÓ EN EL SANTRINA A MÉXICO, PERO SU PASAPORTE SÍ La página 7 del pasaporte de Bringas claramente muestra un cuño de ingreso a las Bahamas el 11 de marzo de 2005. ”Yo no fui a las Bahamas en esa fecha”, dijo Bringas. Quizás el jurado recuerda que hace un mes Gilberto Abascal testificó que Generoso Bringas ayudó a cargar el Santrina para el famoso viaje a Isla Mujeres en marzo de 2005. Abascal dijo que Bringas no embarcó en el Santrina en ese viaje. ”Bringas no, pero su pasaporte sí”, declaró. “En las Bahamas, vi el pasaporte de Bringas. Escuché a Santiago decirle a Ruben López Castro que se lo enseñe a Inmigración y Aduana”, dijo Abascal. Agregó: “Cuando llegamos a las Bahamas, yo vi que Santiago sacó otro pasaporte -este de Bringas”. Abascal contó entonces como, a instancias de Santiago Alvarez, él sobornó el aduanero para que pusiera el cuño de ingreso a las Bahamas. Teresinski se lo mostró a Bringas y al jurado. ”Ni por barco ni por avión. Yo no he estado en México en muchos años”, declaró altísimo Bringas, riéndose. Se escucharon muchas carcajadas en la corte de parte de los integrantes del jurado. Posada, despierto con este testimonio, se sonreía también. Después de haber escuchado las declaraciones sobre las bombas que estallaron en La Habana en 1997 y del asesinato de Fabio Di Celmo, el aspecto de este viejito bonachón y medio sordo en el estrado aparentemente era del agrado de muchos, incluyendo los tejanos del jurado. También de los periodistas, quienes estaban claramente disfrutando del excéntrico testigo, Generoso Bringas. GENEROSO, QUÉ GRACIOSO TOCA USTED Le tocó el turno para interrogar al abogado defensor de Luis Posada Carriles. Arturo Hernández se paró con una sonrisa de oreja a oreja. Le había parecido muy gracioso el testigo, obviamente. Esto a pesar de que las declaraciones de él son muy dañinas a la defensa, porque corroboran la teoría de la fiscalía de que Luis Posada Carriles utilizó el pasaporte de Bringas para salir de Isla Mujeres en marzo de 2005. “¿Conoce usted la reputación de veracidad de Gilberto Abascal en la comunidad?” Teresinski se levantó de la silla y planteó una objeción a la pregunta. La Jueza Cardone dictaminó que aunque es inapropiado preguntarle al testigo sobre su opinión personal de Abascal, preguntarle sobre la reputación de él en la comunidad está permitido. ”If he knows”, dijo la jueza. Si la conoce. ”Es difícil de decir de verdad, porque Abascal tiene problemas mentales. Está medio loco. Tiene problemas personales el pobre hermano”, respondió Bringas. Otra vez, el fiscal se quejó que esa es una opinión netamente personal del testigo y consecuentemente es una respuesta inapropiada. El abogado de Posada Carriles trató entonces de refinar la declaración de Bringas. ”¿Conoce usted la reputación de Abascal en la comunidad?”. ”No”, respondió escuetamente el testigo. A veces, los abogados hacen una pregunta que va más allá de lo establecido en corte, y eso pasó aquí. Sin embargo, lo dicho está dicho. El jurado escuchó a un viejo simpático y aparentemente despistado declarar que uno de los testigos estrellas de la fiscalía, el único que ha declarado haber visto a Posada Carriles en el Santrina, está loco. Cierto es que Bringas no es psiquiatra y su opinión sobre el estado mental de Abascal no debería tener peso, pero el abogado de Posada Carriles anotó un punto a su favor con el testimonio de este testigo que la propia fiscalía presentó. Todos los abogados defensores parecían muy satisfechos con Generoso Bringas. Teresinski estaba furioso. Preguntó si Bringas había conversado previamente con el abogado Hernández o con Santiago Alvarez, el dueño del Santrina y el benefactor fiscal de Posada Carriles. ”No”, respondió el testigo. Ahí concluyó el testimonio. La Jueza Cardone, divertida también con este señor tan simpático, lo despidió y anunció un receso del juicio hasta el lunes. ”No puedo aguantar la risa”, le dijo Posada Carriles, desmollejado, al abogado Arturo Hernández, quien tampoco se aguataba. ¿QUIÉN ES GENEROSO BRINGAS? ¿Quién es ese testigo de la fiscalía que fue tan generoso con la defensa? ¿Es verdaderamente tan despistado y gracioso? Luis Posada Carriles lo menciona en su libro, Los Caminos de Guerrero. Ahí cuenta que Generoso Bringas es un sobreviviente de la lucha contrarevolucionaria en las montañas del Escambray a principio de los 60. Bringas es ahora el Secretario General del Movimiento de Recuperación Revolucionaria (MRR) -organización que fundó junto a Manuel Artime, líder de la Brigada 2506 cuyos miembros invadieron a Cuba el 17 de abril de 1961 por Playa Girón. Parece tener fuertes opiniones sobre el proceso que la fiscalía le sigue a los que iban a bordo del Santrina en marzo de 2005: Posada Carriles, Santiago Alvarez, Osvaldo Mitat y otros. Por ejemplo, dijo en una entrevista en el 2007: “Es lamentable, es triste, en un país de libertades como éste, en un país democrático como éste, la cacería de brujas que se ha desatado en los últimos años contra los hombres que luchan por la libertad.” En 1965, la CIA despachó a Bringas al Congo con un pequeño grupo de exiliados cubanos para combatir contra el Che Guevara y la guerrilla en ese país. Bringas le contó al autor del libro Cold War in the Congoque los Estados Unidos le pagaba $800 al mes por sus servicios. De acuerdo con el gobierno cubano, en mayo de 1998 el MRR que encabeza Bringas envió infiltrados a Cuba. Estos desembarcaron en la provincia de Pinar del Río. La operación militar fracasó y fueron detenidos Ernestino Abreu Horta y Vicente Marcelino Martínez Rodríguez. Cuba les confiscó cuatro fusiles, dos escopetas, una pistola Makarov y dos pistolas plásticas Magnum calibre 22. Los detenidos declararon que la operación militar fue concebida en Miami por la organización MRR y que los ayudó Generoso Bringas. Hace menos de dos semanas antes del comienzo del juicio contra Posada Carriles en El Paso, Bringas no parecía tan despistado como su comportamiento en la corte el jueves. Presidió en Miami un acto del MRR en honor a uno de sus fundadores, Manuel Artime. Ante los micrófonos y las cámaras, Bringas declaró: “Tenemos la obligación de seguir en la lucha, de frente siempre, rindiendo nuestro máximo esfuerzo.” LAS PREGUNTAS QUE NO SE HICIERON Entonces, ¿quién es el verdadero Generoso Bringas? ¿El despistado viejo medio sordo que testificó el jueves en El Paso -o el ex jefe militar, y ahora Secretario General, de una organización cuyo propósito es enviar comandos armados a Cuba?¿Su cizaña acerca de la inestabilidad mental de Gilberto Abascal fue a propósito o no? ¿Le prestó su pasaporte a Santiago Alvarez con alevosía para que Posada Carriles lo utilizara para salir de Isla Mujeres, o es que verdaderamente no tenía idea del destino de ese documento? ¿Cómo es posible que un testigo que cita la fiscalía para fortalecer el caso contra Posada Carriles haya sido tan generoso con la defensa? Es un lástima que el jurado no podrá hacerse esas preguntas, porque en El Paso solo se dio a conocer una parte de la historia. Ustedes ya conocen las dos. José Pertierra es abogado y tiene su bufete en Washington DC. Es el representante legal del gobierno de Venezuela para la extradición de Luis Posada Carriles. |
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